{"id":6732,"date":"2022-02-28T17:23:47","date_gmt":"2022-02-28T09:23:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wangonc.com\/?p=6732"},"modified":"2024-08-16T13:06:55","modified_gmt":"2024-08-16T05:06:55","slug":"rust-basic-syntax","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wangonc.com\/index.php\/2022\/02\/28\/rust-basic-syntax\/","title":{"rendered":"Rust\u57fa\u7840\u8bed\u6cd5"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u4e00\u3001\u57fa\u7840\u8bed\u6cd5<\/h2>\n

1\u3001\u53d8\u91cf\u548c\u5e38\u91cf<\/h3>\n

rust\u4e3a\u5f3a\u7c7b\u578b\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u4f46\u5177\u6709\u81ea\u52a8\u5224\u65ad\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u7528\u6307\u5b9a\u7c7b\u578b<\/p>\n

\u5173\u952e\u8bcdlet<\/code>\u7528\u4e8e\u58f0\u660e\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u5982let a =123;<\/code>\u6216let mut a = 123;<\/code><\/p>\n

\u7531\u4e8erust\u662f\u5f3a\u7c7b\u578b\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e0b\u9762\u4ee3\u7801\u662f\u4e0d\u5408\u6cd5\u7684<\/p>\n

let a=123;\na=123 \/\/\u4e0d\u80fd\u628a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u8d4b\u503c\u7ed9\u6574\u578b\u53d8\u91cf<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u5173\u952e\u5b57coast\u7528\u4e8e\u58f0\u660e\u5e38\u91cf\uff0c\u5176\u7528\u6cd5\u548clet\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u533a\u522b\u5728\u4e8ecoast\u58f0\u660e\u7684\u5e38\u91cf\u503c\u65e2\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u6539\u53d8\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u91cd\u5f71\uff08\u89c1\u4e0b\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u53ef\u53d8\u53d8\u91cf\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u884c\u91cd\u5f71\u64cd\u4f5c<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4eba\u5de5\u7ed9\u53d8\u91cf\u6216\u5e38\u91cf\u6307\u5b9a\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u5982let a: u64 = 123;<\/code>\u6216const a: i32 = 123;<\/code>\u3002\u8fd9\u4e24\u884c\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u5206\u522b\u4e3a\u5c06a\u58f0\u660e\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a64\u4f4d\u65e0\u7b26\u53f7\u6574\u578b\u53d8\u91cf\u548c\u5c06a\u58f0\u660e\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a32\u4f4d\u6709\u7b26\u53f7\u6574\u578b\u5e38\u91cf\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u6307\u5b9a\u7c7b\u578b\uff0ca\u5c06\u4f1a\u88ab\u8bc6\u522b\u4f4d32\u4f4d\u6574\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n
2\u3001\u53ef\u53d8\u53d8\u91cf\u4e0e\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8\u53d8\u91cf<\/h3>\n
\u4e0a\u9762\u63d0\u5230let a =123;<\/code>\u6216let mut a = 123;<\/code>\u5747\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u58f0\u660e\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u5176\u533a\u522b\u5728\u4e8e\uff0cmut\u5173\u952e\u5b57\uff08mutable\uff09\u58f0\u660e\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u4e3a\u53ef\u53d8\u53d8\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8\u53d8\u91cf\u5728\u5b9a\u4e49\u540e\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u91cd\u65b0\u8d4b\u503c\u7684\uff08\u8003\u8651\u5230\u9ad8\u5e76\u53d1\u5b89\u5168\uff09\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u5982\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\u662f\u4e0d\u5408\u6cd5\u7684<\/p>\n
let a=123;\na=456 \/\/\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u6539\u53d8<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u4f46\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u6dfb\u52a0mut\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u6765\u58f0\u660e\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u53d8\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u53ef\u53d8\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u4fee\u6539\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n
\u53ef\u53d8\u53d8\u91cf\u53ef\u4ee5\u6267\u884c\u91cd\u5f71<\/strong>\u64cd\u4f5c\uff08Shadowing\uff09\u3002\u91cd\u5f71\u662f\u6307\u7528\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u5b57\u91cd\u65b0\u4ee3\u8868\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u5b9e\u4f53\uff0c\u5176\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u53ef\u53d8\u5c5e\u6027\u548c\u503c\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u3002\u548c\u53ef\u53d8\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u8d4b\u503c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u53ef\u53d8\u53d8\u91cf\u8d4b\u503c\u4ec5\u80fd\u53d1\u751f\u503c\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4e8c\u3001\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b<\/h2>\n
1\u3001\u6574\u578b<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u4f4d\u957f\u5ea6<\/th>\n\u6709\u7b26\u53f7<\/th>\n\u65e0\u7b26\u53f7<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
8-bit<\/td>\ni8<\/td>\nu8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
16-bit<\/td>\ni16<\/td>\nu16<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
32-bit<\/td>\ni32<\/td>\nu32<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
64-bit<\/td>\ni64<\/td>\nu64<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
128-bit<\/td>\ni128<\/td>\nu128<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
arch<\/td>\nisize<\/td>\nusize<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
isize \u548c usize \u4e24\u79cd\u6574\u6570\u7c7b\u578b\u662f\u7528\u6765\u8861\u91cf\u6570\u636e\u5927\u5c0f\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u4f4d\u957f\u5ea6\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u6240\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u5e73\u53f0\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u662f 32 \u4f4d\u67b6\u6784\u7684\u5904\u7406\u5668\u5c06\u4f7f\u7528 32 \u4f4d\u4f4d\u957f\u5ea6\u6574\u578b\u3002\u6574\u578b\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u65b9\u5f0f\u5982\u4e0b<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u8fdb\u5236<\/th>\n\u4f8b<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
\u5341\u8fdb\u5236<\/td>\n98_222\u621698222<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u5341\u516d\u8fdb\u5236<\/td>\n0xff<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u516b\u8fdb\u5236<\/td>\n0o77<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236<\/td>\n0b1111_0000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u5b57\u8282(\u53ea\u80fd\u8868\u793a u8 \u578b)<\/td>\nb\\’A\\’<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
\u6574\u6570\u4e2d\u95f4\u7684\u4e0b\u5212\u7ebf\u8d77\u5206\u5272\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u5f71\u54cd\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u503c<\/p>\n
2\u3001\u6d6e\u70b9<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u542b\u4e49<\/th>\n\u8868\u793a<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
64\u4f4d\u6d6e\u70b9<\/td>\nf64<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
32\u4f4d\u6d6e\u70b9<\/td>\nf32<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
\u56e064\u4f4d\u6d6e\u70b9\u5177\u6709\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u7cbe\u786e\u6027\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4f7f\u752864\u4f4d\u6d6e\u70b9<\/p>\n
3\u3001\u5e03\u5c14<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u8868\u793a<\/th>\n\u53d6\u503c<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
bool<\/td>\ntrue\/false<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
4\u3001\u5b57\u7b26<\/h3>\n
\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u4e3achar\uff0c\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a4\u5b57\u8282\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u4e00\u4e2aunicode\u7b26\u53f7\u91cf<\/p>\n
5\u3001\u590d\u5408\u7c7b\u578b<\/h3>\n
\u5143\u7ec4<\/h4>\n
\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8epython\u4e2d\u7684\u5143\u7ec4\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6df7\u5408\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u5176\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u5f0f\u5982\u4e0b<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u5b9a\u4e49\u540d\u4e3at1\u7684\u5143\u7ec4\nlet t1: (i32, f64, u8) = (500, 6.4, 1);\n\/\/ \u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u6307\u5b9a\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\nlet t1 = (500, 6.4, 1);\n\/\/ \u8bbf\u95ee\u5168\u90e8\u5143\u7d20\nprintln!({:?},t1);\n\/\/ \u8bbf\u95ee\u67d0\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\nprintln!({:?},t1.0);<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u6570\u7ec4<\/h4>\n
\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8ec\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u5176\u5143\u7d20\u4e3a\u540c\u4e00\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u5f0f\u5982\u4e0b<\/p>\n
let a = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];\n\/\/ a \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 5 \u7684\u6574\u578b\u6570\u7ec4\nlet b = [January, February, March];\n\/\/ b \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 3 \u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u6570\u7ec4\nlet c: [i32; 5] = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];\n\/\/ c \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 5 \u7684 i32 \u6570\u7ec4\nlet d = [3; 5];\n\/\/ \u7b49\u540c\u4e8e let d = [3, 3, 3, 3, 3];\nlet first = a[0];\nlet second = a[1];\n\/\/ \u6570\u7ec4\u8bbf\u95ee\n\na[0] = 123; \/\/ \u9519\u8bef\uff1a\u6570\u7ec4 a \u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8\nlet mut a = [1, 2, 3];\na[0] = 4; \/\/ \u6b63\u786e<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u4e09\u3001\u6ce8\u91ca<\/h2>\n
\/\/\u5355\u884c\u6ce8\u91ca\n\/*\u5355\u884c\u6ce8\u91ca*\/\n\n\/\/\/\u8bf4\u660e\u6587\u6863\u6ce8\u91ca\n\/\/\/\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u7f16\u5199\u51fd\u6570\u6216\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u8bf4\u660e\u6587\u672c<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u56db\u3001\u51fd\u6570<\/h2>\n
1\u3001\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7ed3\u6784<\/h3>\n
fn\u4e3a\u5b9a\u4e49\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u5173\u952e\u5b57\uff0creturn\u4e3a\u51fd\u6570\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u5173\u952e\u5b57\uff0c\u4e8e\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u7ed3\u6784\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u4e3afn <\u51fd\u6570\u540d> ( <\u53c2\u6570> ) <\u51fd\u6570\u4f53><\/code>\u3002\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n
fn add(a: i32, b: i32) -> i32 {\n    return a + b;\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u4e3a\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3aadd\u7684\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570a\u548cb\uff0c\u7c7b\u578b\u90fd\u662f\u6709\u7b2632\u4f4d\u6574\u578b\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u7c7b\u578b\u4e5f\u4e3a\u6709\u7b26\u53f732\u4f4d\u6574\u578b\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u4e86a+b\u7684\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n
2\u3001\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u548c\u8bed\u53e5<\/h3>\n
\u8bed\u53e5\u662f\u6267\u884c\u67d0\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e14\u6ca1\u6709\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u7684\u6b65\u9aa4\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982let a = 6;<\/code><\/p>\n
\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u6709\u8ba1\u7b97\u6b65\u9aa4\u4e14\u6709\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982x + 1<\/code><\/p>\n
\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528 {}<\/strong> \u5305\u62ec\u7684\u5757\u91cc\u7f16\u5199\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f83\u4e3a\u590d\u6742\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\uff0c\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u5757\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5408\u6cd5\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u4f53\u3002\u5982\u4e0b<\/p>\n
fn main() {\n    let x = 5;\n\n    let y = {\n        let x = 3;\n        x + 1\n    };\n\n    println!(x \u7684\u503c\u4e3a : {}, x);\n    println!(y \u7684\u503c\u4e3a : {}, y);\n}\n\n\/\/x \u7684\u503c\u4e3a : 5\n\/\/y \u7684\u503c\u4e3a : 4<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u6ce8\u610f\uff1ax + 1<\/strong> \u4e4b\u540e\u6ca1\u6709\u5206\u53f7\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u5b83\u5c06\u53d8\u6210\u4e00\u6761\u8bed\u53e5<\/p>\n
\u4e94\u3001\u9009\u62e9\u548c\u5faa\u73af<\/h2>\n
1\u3001\u9009\u62e9<\/h3>\n
\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u4e3aif\u548celse\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u5f0f\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8epython\uff0c\u540e\u4ec5\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a5bool\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a51\u62160<\/p>\n
\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b<\/p>\n
fn main() {\n    let a = 12;\n    let b;\n    if a > 0 {\n        b = 1;\n    }  \n    else if a < 0 {\n        b = -1;\n    }  \n    else {\n        b = 0;\n    }\n    println!(b is {}, b);\n}\n\n\/\/b is 1<\/code><\/pre>\n
1\u3001\u548cpython\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0cif\u540e\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u88ab\u653e\u5728()\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u653e\u5728()\u4e2d
\n2\u3001 if \u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u5355\u8bed\u53e5\u4e0d\u7528\u52a0 {} \u7684\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bed\u53e5\u4ee3\u66ff\u4e00\u4e2a\u5757
\n3\u3001\u6267\u884c\u7684\u5757\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u4efb\u610f\u5408\u6cd5\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u4f53\uff0c\u5982let a = if true {1};<\/code>\u5c31\u662f\u5408\u6cd5\u7684<\/p>\n
2\u3001\u5faa\u73af<\/h3>\n
\u5faa\u73af\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5173\u952e\u8bcd\u6709while\u548cfor\uff0c\u5176\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u5f0f\u548cpython\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982<\/p>\n
\/\/ while\nlet mut i = 0;\nwhile i < 10 {\n    \/\/ \u5faa\u73af\u4f53\n    i += 1;\n}\n\/\/ for\nlet a = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50];\n    for i in a.iter() {\n        println!(\u503c\u4e3a : {}, i);\n    }<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0crust\u8fd8\u652f\u6301\u539f\u751f\u7684\u65e0\u9650\u5faa\u73af\u5173\u952e\u5b57loop\uff0c\u5176\u7b49\u540c\u4e8ewhile(true)\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528break\u5219\u53ef\u4ee5\u9000\u51fa\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u5176\u540e\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a5\u4e00\u4e2a\u503c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5faa\u73af\u9000\u51fa\u65f6\u7684\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\uff0c\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u51fd\u6570\u7684return\u3002\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b<\/p>\n
fn main() {\n    let s = ['0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5'];\n    let mut i = 0;\n    let location = loop {\n        let ch = s[i];\n        if ch == '2' {\n            break i;\n        }\n        i += 1;\n    };\n    println!( \\'2\\' \u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a {}, location);\n}\n\n\/\/ '2' \u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a 2<\/code><\/pre>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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